An E-Logistics Model for Effective Collaborative Commerce

Collaborative Commerce (C-Commerce) is the name given to commercial relationships carried out over a collaborative framework to integrate enterprises’ business processes, share customer relationships and manage knowledge across enterprise boundaries. This is a business strategy that leverages the extensive reach of the Internet. C-Commerce places emphasis on supply chain involvement where members of the supply chain work together to design, build, market and deploy products and services. Collaborative commerce is the next generation of E-commerce framework. E-logistics is the mechanism of automating the logistics processes and providing an integrated, end-to-end fulfillment and supply chain management service to the players of logistics processes. This paper attempts to design an integrated framework for an E-logistics model that it can be effectively employed for C-Commerce

Heat and mass source effect on MHD double-diffusive mixed convection and entropy generation in a curved enclosure filled with nanofluid

This paper examines the two-dimensional laminar steady magnetohydrodynamic doublediffusive mixed convection in a curved enclosure filled with different types of nanofluids. The enclosure is differentially heated and concentrated, and the heat and mass source are embedded in a part of the left wall having temperature Th (>Tc) and concentration ch (>cc). The right vertical wall is allowed to move with constant velocity in a vertically upward direction to cause a shear-driven flow. The governing equations along with the boundary conditions are transformed into a nondimensional form and are written in stream function-velocity formulation, which is then solved numerically using the Bi-CGStab method. Based on the numerical results, the effects of the dominant parameters such as Richardson number (1 ≤ Ri ≤ 50), Hartmann number (0 ≤ Ha ≤ 60), solid volume fraction of nanoparticles (0.0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.02), location and length of the heat and mass source are examined. Results indicate that the augmentation of Richardson number, heat and mass source length and location cause heat and mass transfer to increase, while it decreases when Hartmann number and volume fraction of the nanoparticles increase. The total entropy generation rises by 1.32 times with the growing Richardson number, decreases by 1.21 times and 1.02 times with the rise in Hartmann number and nanoparticles volume fraction, respectively

Minimization of entropy generation due to MHD double diffusive mixed convection in a lid driven trapezoidal cavity with various aspect ratios

Entropy generation minimization has significant importance in fluid flow, heat and mass transfer in an enclosure to get the maximum efficiency of a system and to reduce the loss of energy. In the present study, the analysis of mixed convection fluid flow, heat and mass transfer with heat line and mass line concept and entropy generation due to the effects of fluid flow, heat flow, mass flow and magnetic field in a trapezoidal enclosure with linearly heated and diffusive left wall, uniformly heated and diffusive lower wall, cold and nondiffusive right wall, adiabatic and zero diffusion gradient top wall have been reported. Parametric studies for the wide range of Prandtl number (Pr = 0.7 for air cooling system and Pr = 1000 for the engines filled with olive or engine oils), Rayleigh number (Ra = 103–105), aspect ratio (A = 0.5–1.5) and inclination angle of the cavity (ϕ = 45°–90°) have been performed, which help to construct the perfect shape of cavity in many engineering and physical applications so that the entropy is minimum to get the maximum efficiency of any system. The finite-difference approximation has been used to find out the numerical solutions. Biconjugate Gradient Stabilized (BiCGStab) method is used to solve the discretized nonhomogeneous system of linear equations

A Process Model for Assessing the Distribution Options for Horizontal E-Business Portals

E-business portal acts as an interface between the e-suppliers and e-customers and many different types of distribution channels are defined individually by various enterprises. The logistics management and decision parameters for distribution models depend on the type of portal e.g. horizontal or vertical. In this paper the focus is on the distribution channels defined for horizontal portals, which are critical aspects of e-business but are not as explored as the other aspects. In this paper, various aspects of e-business models have been analyzed and research reveals that distribution issues need to be looked at with a fresh approach, because the tradition methods do not take into account some typical characteristics of e-business like the range of goods, transactional values and volumes the horizontal portals nowadays handle. Towards this end, three types of distribution channels for a generic horizontal portal have been identified. A decision parameter table has been formulated and used to assess various options for the distribution logistics for the horizontal portals. Also each of these broad categories has been dealt with individually highlighting their salient features along with the advantages and disadvantages associated. The primary objectives for assessment are cost savings and profit maximization of the portal. An assessment process model has been developed on the basis of some key e-business tangible parameters like transactional value, business volume etc. which can be further extended to include specific e-business model dimensions. The parameters are also analyzed subsequently in terms of their availability, size etc. so that the implementation considerations can be realistically made. Finally, the application potential, extendibility and usability of the process model have been explained and it has been shown that this generic model is simple, flexible and specific implementations can lead to e-business portals functioning with a better competitive advantage

Influence of thermal radiation on non-Darcian natural convection in a square cavity filled with fluid saturated porous medium of uniform porosity

Influence of thermal radiation on natural-convection flow in a square cavity filled with a porous medium of uniform porosity having isothermal vertical walls and adiabatic horizontal walls, has been studied numerically by using finite-difference method with staggered grid distribution. The simulation is performed by considering both Darcian and non-Darcian models. Governing momentum and energy equations are solved numerically to obtain velocity and temperature fields for various values of different physical parameters. It is seen that increasing the thermal radiation parameter enhances the local Nusselt number on the left vertical wall whereas the reverse effects are observed due to increase in the heat generating parameter when Ra = 109. The temperature at the mid-horizontal plane decreases with increase in the value of Rayleigh number up to a certain distance from the left vertical wall and beyond that distance the opposite trend is observed. The temperature at the mid-horizontal plane increases with increase in the value of heat generating parameter

Fuzzy Based Balanced Scorecard for e-Business

The balance scorecard [6] is a performance measurement system that supplements traditional financial measures with the criteria that measures performance from three additional perspectives: customer perspective, internal business perspective, and innovation and learning perspective. In recent years, the balanced scorecard has been applied to information technology in order to ensure that IT is fairly evaluated. The same methodology has also been applied to E-business. Since some of the parameters in the measurement are somewhat inexact, the idea of fuzzy logy can be applied to allow manipulation of both exact and inexact (fuzzy) inputs from the ebusiness to the balanced scorecard. This fuzzy model works with a grade of membership and portrays inexact information represented by fuzzy statements, and explains both fuzzy conditional statements and the inference mechanism. This paper tries to develop a frame -work for Fuzzy-based Balanced Scorecard for Ebusines

Phyto-chemical Standardization of Herbal Formulation (PMM3) for Blood Sugar Attenuating Actions in Streptozotocin induced Rats

The present study was intended to prepare herbal formulation, PMM3 using purified and modified parts of five common Indian herbs like, Trigonella foenum-graccum, Tinospora cordifolia, Scoparia dulcis, Adhatoda vasica and Cassia occidental. PMM3 was standardized using physico-chemical, phytochemical, UV-VIS spectral, HPTLC, AAS and GC methods. The phenolics and flavonoids contents were assessed. Anti-hyperglycaemic activities of PMM3 was evaluated on Streptozotocin induced (50mg/kg, i.v) diabetic rats. PMM3 (50-150 mg/kg, p.o) exhibited best potentiality in reducing blood glucose within 14 days treatment in comparison with Diabecon® (Himalaya, India) at the same dose. The preset observation identified formulation PMM3 for anti-hyperglycaemic effect

Kinetics of reduction of [Co(NH₃)₅N₃]Cl₂ by iron (II) in CTAB/n-heptane/butanol/water reverse micelles

952-956The kinetic study of reduction of pentaammineazidocobalt(III) chloride complex by Mohr’s salt (ammonium ferrous sulphate) has been carried out in the water pools of cationic reverse micelles of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The reaction is first order each in Co(III) complex and iron(II) in all water-to-surfactant molar ratios, i.e. at all W values. The observed pseudo first order rate constant (kobs) versus W plot shows highest rate at W = 8.33. The kinetics has been accounted for by a mechanism involving bimolecular azido-bridged inner-sphere intermediate complex formation between Co(III) complex and iron(II). The significant increase of rate in reverse micellar media as compared to that in aqueous medium is due to the lower micropolarity of the water pool and bound state of reactants in this reverse micellar media, both facilitating the intermediate formation. The activation parameters (standard enthalpy of activation, Δ‡Hº and standard entropy of activation, Δ‡Sº) of the reaction at different W values have been calculated which corroborate the kinetics of the reaction

Enantioselective enzymatic desymmetrization of prochiral 1,3-diols and enzymatic resolution of monoprotected 1,3-diols based on a-tetralone and related multifunctional scaffolds

a b s t r a c t Novel multifunctional chemotypes based on a-tetralone, a-indanone, and chromanone have been synthesized by a chemo-enzymatic approach by applying an enzymatic irreversible transesterification strategy. The scaffolds synthesized can be further elaborated with subsequent enzymatic as well as chemical transformations for the generation of new sets of structurally related organic molecules

Kinetic and mechanistic studies on the interaction of 2-aminopyrimidine with dichloro[1-alkyl-2-(arylazo )imidazole] palladium (II) complexes

877-881Nucleophilic substitution of Pd (RaaiR/)Cl2 [(RaaiR/= l-alkyl-2 -(arylazo) imid azole, p-R-C6H4-N=N-C3H2NN-1-R/: where R = H(a)/Me(b)/Cl(c) and R/ = Et(1 )/Bz(2)] with 2-aminopyrimidine (2-NH2- Pym) in MeCN at 303 K, to form [Pd2(2-NH2- Pym)2 Cl4], has been studied spectrophotometrically under pseudo-first-order conditions. The results obtained support a nucleophilic association path . The reaction follows the rate law, Rate = {k0 + k [2-NH2-Pym]0} Pd (RaaiR/)Cl2 ], first order each in Pd (RaaiR/)Cl2 and 2-NH2-Pym. The rate increases as follows: Pd (RaaiEt)Cl2< Pd (RaaiBz)Cl2 and Pd (MeaaiR/)Cl2 /)Cl2 /)Cl2 . External addition of Cl- (LiCl) suppresses the rate inversely. The reactions have been studied at different temperatures (298-3 13 K) and activation parameters.Δ#Ho and Δ#So of the reactions have been calculated from the Eyring plot. The data support the proposed mechanism